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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Treaty of Lübeck ： ウィキペディア英語版 Treaty of Lübeck Treaty or Peace of Lübeck ((デンマーク語:Freden i Lübeck), (ドイツ語:Lübecker Frieden)) ended the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War (Low Saxon or Emperor's War, Kejserkrigen). It was signed in Lübeck on 22 May 1629 by Albrecht von Wallenstein and Christian IV of Denmark, and on 7 June by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. The Catholic League was formally included as a party. It restored to Denmark its pre-war territory at the cost of final disengagement from imperial affairs. ==Background== The treaty of Lübeck ended a stage of the Thirty Years' War that began in 1625〔Oakley (1992), p.62〕 and is referred to as Lower Saxon or Emperor's War, (デンマーク語:Kejserkrigen).〔Lockhart (2007), p.166〕 Initial success was with the Danish armies, commanded by Christian IV of Denmark and Ernst von Mansfeld. The opponents, a Catholic League army commanded by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly and an army of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, commanded by Albrecht von Wallenstein, turned the tide in the battles of Dessau Bridge and Lutter am Barenberge in 1626.〔Lockhart (2007), pp.167-168〕 Mansfeld's army turned toward Silesia and Hungary, but the campaign failed in 1627, and Mansfeld deserted and later died of plague.〔Lockhart (2007), p.168〕 Wallenstein and Tilly subsequently gained central and northern Germany, joined their forces in summer, invaded Danish Holstein in September 1627 and advanced through the Jutland peninsula〔 as far as Limfjord.〔 While Christian IV's control of the western Baltic Sea and the Danish isles was unchallenged,〔Schormann (1985), p.40〕〔Fuhrmann (2002), p.377〕〔Lockhart (2007), p.169〕 Wallenstein was given the Duchy of Mecklenburg ''vis-a-vis'' Denmark in January 1628, and was about to construct a navy of his own at the occupied ports of Ålborg, Wismar, Rostock and Greifswald starting in late 1627.〔 Christian responded with an amphibious campaign in 1628, using his fleet to make landfalls along the occupied coastlines and destroying the naval facilities in Ålborg, Wismar and Greifswald.〔 Wallenstein, who had nevertheless managed to build thirteen vessels in Wismar under Philipp von Mansfeld, was unable to use them because the port was blockaded by Swedish ships.〔Oakley (1992), p.64〕 Christian IV concluded an alliance with Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in April,〔Lockhart (2007), p.170〕 and both supported Stralsund in her successful resistance against Wallenstein.〔〔Press (1991), p.213〕 An attempt to secure another bridgehead on the southern Baltic shore in August failed with Christian IV's defeat in the Battle of Wolgast.〔 After this battle, the final one in the Kejserkrigen, Christian IV was ready for negotiations〔—and so was Wallenstein who understood the serious threat constituted by the Scandinavian alliance.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Lübeck」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.